The Ancient City of Tiwanaku

Located in South America, Bolivia, the city developed around 1500 B.C, (near the present city of La Paz) and was said to be high above sea level, an estimated 13,000 feet.

Some researchers consider the city of Tiwanaku to be the oldest city in the world, a lot of its creations defying the laws of physics even by today’s principles.

The Tiwanaku people utilised massive, monolithic stones, weighing up to 450 tonnes to build the city, which mainstream scholars have credited to be an impossible feat that cannot be completely explained.

How the people of Tiwanaku moved these enormous stones remains a mystery, with some speculating that the stone were pulled alone logs, while other believed that aliens aided them with the use of anti-gravity technology.

Also discovered on the site were 200 elongated skulls, possibly the heads of shamans, whose heads were bound to that shape in an effort to amplify their ability to communicate with deities. Some believe that the shamans elongated their heads to imitate the deities which visited them.

One of the more technologically advanced features of the Tiwanaku City was its impressive unique farming technique known as “flooded-raised field” agriculture.

It consisted in artificially raised planting mounds, separated by shallow canals filled with water which offered moisture for growing crops, while also absorbing heat from sunlight during the day. The accumulated heat was released during the cold nights that often-produced frost, therefore providing thermal protection.

Another remarkable feature of the canals was the ability to farm fish, with the resulting canal mud being used as fertilizer.

Compared to traditional agriculture in the region, typically obtaining an average of 2.4 metric tons of potatoes per hectare, and modern agriculture with artificial fertilizers giving an average of 14.5 metric tons per hectare, this technique, known as suka kollu, gave an average of 21 tons of potatoes per hectare.

The main mystery of the City of Tiwanaku is how the people managed to create such specific carvings and designs for their architecture, without the use of power tools.

For example, there are 'H blocks' which interlock in a sophisticated way which required no mortar and a calendar positioned on an arch way know as 'the gate of the sun', which some believe dates back millions of years and was created by extra-terrestrial life.

There is also a wall near the gate which is decorated with statues of heads, which has been speculated to be alien.

The Akapana, the biggest step pyramid of the city, was once considered to be a modified mound, but has proven to be a gigantic man-made construction with a base of 656 feet and a height of 55 feet. The structure is made of perfectly cut stone blocks, which also had a drainage system.

It was originally covered with smooth stone, and its interior was honeycombed with shafts resulting in a complicated grid pattern.

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